Some drills allow you to even insert the bit without manipulating the collar, but sadly the mechanism for this is currently patented, so only a couple brands have this feature. These chucks are less versatile but are much faster to operate. In the chuck is a matching hole and a collar which retracts a pin that secures the bits via said notch. They feature a hexagonal shaft with a notch cut out for securing the bit. The quarter inch chuck is purpose built for quick change bits. Quarter inch chucks are mostly found on impact drivers and electric screwdrivers. Otherwise, you risk the bit slipping, damaging it and possibly your drill. Be sure that the jaws engage with a flat or smooth portion of the shaft. As you tighten the sleeve the jaws will grab onto an inserted bit and will make a ratcheting sound to indicate it’s secure. The sleeve rotates the mechanism to extend or retract the jaws so it can grab the shaft of a bit. This chuck has two parts that we’re concerned with: the jaws, of which there are 3 per the name, and the sleeve or hood. The 3 jaw chuck is the most common and most versatile as it can drive any bit that has a roughly circular shaft. There are two types and have their own discrete components the quarter inch quick change chuck and the three jaw chuck which is typically 3/8 inch wide. The star of the show is the chuck, located at the end of the drill in front of the chuck collar. Just know that higher voltage means higher power and higher amperage means more time between charging sessions. They all use safe, lightweight lithium ion batteries so the differences are much more technical. Most manufacturers have a battery system for their tool lines, but the batteries are otherwise very similar. We dedicated a whole section to the chuck below so we can cover it in more detail. There are two main types and the both function very differently. In front of the clutch collar is the chuck. The drill icon corresponds to a drilling mode which is used for making holes and sends all the torque to the chuck with no cut off. This is typically indicated by a clicking sound. Lower numbers correspond to lower torque, so when you’re working on something that you don’t want to damage the drill will stop on it’s own. What this does is control the level of torque at which the motor will disengage with the chuck. The collar typically has 10 to 20 numbered positions and one position marked by a drill icon. The second is the clutch collar, or chuck collar, and it has a slightly more complex function. The first is the gear selection switch, which also goes by speed selector or speed switch, and much like the name would imply it is used to select a high torque or high speed gear ratio. Moving forward you will encounter the two main features that are not on all types of drills. If you have the extra spending power I’d recommend a brushless drill. Brushless motors are more expensive, but have additional benefits such as being lighter and more efficient. The differences between the two are numerous enough that we could devote an entire article to the subject (and we might), so I’m just gonna keep it simple.īrushed motors are cheaper and have a few drawbacks, such as noise and heat generation. Power tools - especially drills - mainly have one of two types: a brushed motor or a brushless motor. We're not going to get too technical hereįirst on the list is the motor something I’m sure everyone is familiar with. If you’re interested in a more full featured explanation of the intricacies of drills, I recommend checking out this wikipedia article. I’m going to keep this section limited to the parts of a drill we need to know about in order to explain our recommendation process. Now that all the DIYers have skipped ahead, let’s get down to it. This section exists to explain things to those who are less informed so that we can use consistent vocabulary going forward. To some this information may seem obvious, and if you already know all of this feel free to jump ahead. Before we start recommending what drills to use, you should first understand the basics when it comes to drills.
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